Different applications have different energy storage requirements, but generally speaking, a good energy storage system shares the following characteristics:
① High energy storage per unit volume (volume thermal density), meaning the system stores as much energy as possible. High-energy batteries, for example, are popular with consumers because of their higher energy density and longer lifespan compared to ordinary batteries.
② Good load regulation performance. When in use, energy storage systems need to adjust the amount of energy released according to the energy user's requirements; the quality of load regulation performance determines the overall system performance.
③ High energy storage efficiency. Energy storage relies heavily on energy transfer and conversion technologies, so the energy storage system should be able to receive and release energy at the highest rate without requiring excessive driving force. Simultaneously, it should minimize losses during energy storage, such as leakage, evaporation, and friction, to maintain high energy storage efficiency.
④ Low system cost and reliable long-term operation. If an energy storage device is not economically viable, it will not be widely adopted.